{"id":1991,"date":"2012-02-29T19:54:25","date_gmt":"2012-02-29T19:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jose-aguilar.com\/blog\/?p=1991"},"modified":"2019-07-19T09:33:06","modified_gmt":"2019-07-19T09:33:06","slug":"como-enviar-comentarios-con-jquery-ajax","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jose-aguilar.com\/blog\/como-enviar-comentarios-con-jquery-ajax\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo enviar comentarios con jQuery y AJAX"},"content":{"rendered":"

En este tutorial vas a aprender como crear un formulario que permite agregar comentarios al usuario sin recargar la p\u00e1gina. Para conseguirlo, estoy usando las tecnolog\u00edas jQuery<\/strong>, AJAX<\/strong>, JSON<\/strong> y PHP<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

En pr\u00e1cticamente todas las Webs con interacci\u00f3n es necesario interactuar de la forma m\u00e1s agradable posible con el usuario. Casi todas estas p\u00e1ginas dispone de un sistema para captar y enviar comentarios sobre alg\u00fan art\u00edculo o producto.<\/p>\n

La mayor\u00eda de sistemas de comentarios trabaja con PHP<\/strong> y una base de datos. El inconveniente de este tipo de sistemas es que al enviar un comentario la p\u00e1gina se tiene que recargar por completo. Si quieres optimizar este sistema y hacer que s\u00f3lo se cargue el comentario enviado sin tener que recargar la p\u00e1gina por completo puedes utilizar la tecnolog\u00eda jQuery<\/strong> y Ajax<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Dentro de la cabecera de tu p\u00e1gina o dentro de la etiqueta <head> a\u00f1ade la librer\u00eda jQuery<\/strong> y los estilos necesarios para cambiar el aspecto:<\/p>\n

<\/a>Source code<\/a><\/td><\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>
<script<\/span><\/a> src<\/span>=<\/span>"https:\/\/code.jquery.com\/jquery-3.2.1.js"<\/span>><\/<\/span>script<\/span><\/a>><\/span><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n
Tambi\u00e9n en el <head> puedes incluir el c\u00f3digo jQuery<\/strong> que har\u00e1 la llamada mediante el m\u00e9todo AJAX<\/strong> y JSON<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
<\/a>Source code<\/a><\/td><\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>
<<\/span>script type=<\/span>"text\/javascript"<\/span>><\/span>\n$(<\/span>document)<\/span>.ready<\/span>(<\/span>function<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\n    $(<\/span>"#submitComment"<\/span>)<\/span>.click<\/span>(<\/span>function<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\n        var<\/span> name<\/span> =<\/span> $(<\/span>"input#name"<\/span>)<\/span>.val<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n        var<\/span> comment =<\/span> $(<\/span>"textarea#comment"<\/span>)<\/span>.val<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n        var<\/span> now =<\/span> new<\/span> Date(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n        var<\/span> date_show =<\/span> now.getDate<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> '-'<\/span> +<\/span> now.getMonth<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> '-'<\/span> +<\/span> now.getFullYear<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> ' '<\/span> +<\/span> now.getHours<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> ':'<\/span> +<\/span> +<\/span> now.getMinutes<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> ':'<\/span> +<\/span> +<\/span> now.getSeconds<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n \n        if<\/span> (<\/span>name<\/span> ===<\/span> ''<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\n            alert<\/span>(<\/span>'Debes a\u00f1adir un nombre.'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n            return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>\n        }<\/span>\n \n        if<\/span> (<\/span>comment ===<\/span> ''<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\n            alert<\/span>(<\/span>'Debes a\u00f1adir un comentario.'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n            return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>\n        }<\/span>\n \n        var<\/span> dataString =<\/span> 'name='<\/span> +<\/span> name<\/span> +<\/span> '&comment='<\/span> +<\/span> comment;<\/span>\n \n        $.ajax<\/span>(<\/span>{<\/span>\n            type:<\/span> "POST"<\/span>,<\/span>\n            dataType:<\/span> "json"<\/span>,<\/span>\n            url:<\/span> "process.php"<\/span>,<\/span>\n            data:<\/span> dataString,<\/span>\n            success:<\/span> function<\/span>(<\/span>response)<\/span> {<\/span>\n                if<\/span> (<\/span>response)<\/span> {<\/span>\n                    $(<\/span>'#new-comment'<\/span>)<\/span>.show<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n                    $(<\/span>'#new-comment'<\/span>)<\/span>.find<\/span>(<\/span>'#author-name'<\/span>)<\/span>.text<\/span>(<\/span>response.name<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n                    $(<\/span>'#new-comment'<\/span>)<\/span>.find<\/span>(<\/span>'.comment-text'<\/span>)<\/span>.text<\/span>(<\/span>response.comment<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n                    $(<\/span>'#new-comment'<\/span>)<\/span>.find<\/span>(<\/span>'#date-show'<\/span>)<\/span>.text<\/span>(<\/span>response.date_show<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n                }<\/span>\n            }<\/span>\n        }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n        return<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n<\/<\/span>script><\/span><\/pre><\/div><\/div><\/pre>\n
Como puedes observar, el c\u00f3digo anterior espera a que se haga click en bot\u00f3n o enlace con id=\u00bbsubmitComment\u00bb donde se recogen las variables \u00abname\u00bb y \u00abcomment\u00bb que son los datos depositados en el formulario. Reconstruimos una fecha para mostrar y generamos otra variable \u00abdataString\u00bb que se rellena con los datos enviados desde el formulario para luego pas\u00e1rselo al archivo process.php<\/em> usando la t\u00e9cnica AJAX<\/strong> con tipo de datos de retorno JSON<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
El archivo process.php<\/em> se encarga simplemente de insertar en la base de datos la informaci\u00f3n necesaria para a\u00f1adir un comentario. Puede tener el siguiente aspecto:<\/p>\n
<\/a>Source code<\/a><\/td><\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>
<?php<\/span>\nrequire<\/span>(<\/span>'config.php'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n \n$name<\/span> =<\/span> strip_tags<\/span><\/a>(<\/span>utf8_decode<\/span><\/a>(<\/span>$_POST<\/span>[<\/span>'name'<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n$comment<\/span> =<\/span> strip_tags<\/span><\/a>(<\/span>utf8_decode<\/span><\/a>(<\/span>$_POST<\/span>[<\/span>'comment'<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n \n$insert<\/span> =<\/span> $conexion<\/span>-><\/span>query<\/span>(<\/span>'INSERT INTO comments (name, text, date_added) VALUES ("'<\/span>.<\/span>$name<\/span>.<\/span>'", "'<\/span>.<\/span>$comment<\/span>.<\/span>'", now())'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n \nif<\/span> (<\/span>$insert<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\n    $row<\/span> =<\/span> array<\/span><\/a>(<\/span>\n        'name'<\/span> =><\/span> $name<\/span>,<\/span>\n        'comment'<\/span>=><\/span> $comment<\/span>,<\/span>\n        'date_show'<\/span> =><\/span> date<\/span><\/a>(<\/span>'d\/m\/Y H:i:s'<\/span>)<\/span>\n    )<\/span>;<\/span>\n    echo<\/span> json_encode<\/span><\/a>(<\/span>$row<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n?><\/span><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n
El archivo config.php<\/em> que se est\u00e1 incluyendo en la primera linea se encarga de crear la conexi\u00f3n con la base de datos.<\/p>\n
Su contenido es tan solo:<\/p>\n
<\/a>Source code<\/a><\/td><\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>
<?php<\/span>\n$conexion<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> mysqli(<\/span>'localhost'<\/span>,<\/span> 'USUARIO DE TU BASE DE DATOS'<\/span>,<\/span> 'CONTRASE\u00d1A DE TU BASE DE DATOS'<\/span>,<\/span> 'NOMBRE DE TU BASE DE DATOS'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\n?><\/span><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n
Aqu\u00ed tendr\u00e1s que rellenar los datos de conexi\u00f3n con tu base de datos.<\/p>\n
Seguidamente, recogemos mediante el m\u00e9todo POST los datos del formulario que le hemos pasado mediante las t\u00e9cnicas AJAX<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Finalmente, realizamos una inserci\u00f3n con la informaci\u00f3n recibida en la tabla \u00abcomments\u00bb que debes tener en tu base de datos.<\/p>\n
Una vez se ha realizado esta operaci\u00f3n, es cuando se ejecuta el success<\/em> que hay dentro de la llamada AJAX<\/strong>, donde simplemente estoy rellenado con la funci\u00f3n append()<\/em> un contenedor con id=\u00bbnew-comment\u00bb que hay al final de los comentarios con las etiquetas vac\u00edas.<\/p>\n
En el cuerpo de la p\u00e1gina o dentro de la etiqueta <body> debes agregar el c\u00f3digo que lee de la base de datos los 10 \u00faltimos comentarios para mostrarlos en pantalla:<\/p>\n
<\/a>Source code<\/a><\/td><\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>
<div id="content" class="col-lg-12">\n    <h2>Comentarios<\/h2>\n    <?php<\/span>\n    $result<\/span> =<\/span> $conexion<\/span>-><\/span>query<\/span>(<\/span>\n        'SELECT name, text, DATE_FORMAT(date_added, "%d\/%m\/%Y %H:%i:%s") as date_show \n        FROM comments \n        ORDER BY date_added DESC LIMIT 0,10'<\/span>\n    )<\/span>;<\/span>\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>$result<\/span>-><\/span>num_rows<\/span> ><\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\n        ?><\/span>\n        <div class="row items">\n            <?php<\/span> while<\/span> (<\/span>$row<\/span> =<\/span> $result<\/span>-><\/span>fetch_assoc<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> ?><\/span>\n                <div class="col-lg-12">\n                    <div class="comment">\n                        <div class="row">\n                            <div class="col-lg-2 comment-avatar">\n                                <img class="img-fluid" width="250" height="250" src="images\/user.png" \/>\t\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class="col-lg-10">\n                                <div class="comment-autor">\n                                    <strong><?php<\/span> echo<\/span> $row<\/span>[<\/span>'name'<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span> ?><\/span><\/strong> dice:<br\/>\n                                    <small><?php<\/span> echo<\/span> $row<\/span>[<\/span>'date_show'<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span> ?><\/span><\/small>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class="comment-text"><?php<\/span> echo<\/span> nl2br<\/span><\/a>(<\/span>$row<\/span>[<\/span>'text'<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> ?><\/span><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <?php<\/span> }<\/span> ?><\/span>\n            <div id="new-comment" class="col-lg-12" style="display:none;">\n                <div class="comment">\n                    <div class="row">\n                        <div class="col-lg-2 comment-avatar">\n                            <img class="img-fluid" width="250" height="250" src="images\/user.png" \/>\t\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class="col-lg-10">\n                            <div class="comment-autor">\n                                <strong><span id="author-name"><\/span><\/strong> dice:<br\/>\n                                <small><span id="date-show"><\/span><\/small>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class="comment-text"><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <?php<\/span> }<\/span> ?><\/span>\n<\/div><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n
Si te fijas bien en el c\u00f3digo anterior, puedes observar el contenedor con id=\u00bbnew-comment\u00bb con las etiquetas vac\u00edas que ser\u00e1n rellenadas en el success<\/em> de la llamada AJAX<\/strong> cada vez que se agregue un nuevo comentario.<\/p>\n
El formulario para permitir al usuario enviar un comentario es muy sencillo, ser\u00eda algo como lo siguiente:<\/p>\n
<\/a>Source code<\/a><\/td><\/a> <\/a> <\/a> <\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>
<h2<\/span><\/a>><\/span>Envia un comentario con JQUERY\/AJAX<\/<\/span>h2<\/span><\/a>><\/span>\n<div<\/span><\/a> id<\/span>=<\/span>"register_form"<\/span> class<\/span>=<\/span>"row"<\/span>><\/span>\n    <div<\/span><\/a> class<\/span>=<\/span>"col-lg-12"<\/span>><\/span>\n        <form<\/span><\/a> method<\/span>=<\/span>"post"<\/span>><\/span>\n            <div<\/span><\/a> class<\/span>=<\/span>"form-group"<\/span>><\/span>\n                <label<\/span><\/a> for<\/span>=<\/span>"name"<\/span>><\/span>Nombre<\/<\/span>label<\/span><\/a>><\/span>\n                <input<\/span><\/a> type<\/span>=<\/span>"text"<\/span> class<\/span>=<\/span>"form-control"<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>"name"<\/span> id<\/span>=<\/span>"name"<\/span> placeholder=<\/span>"Tu nombre"<\/span>><\/span>\n            <\/<\/span>div<\/span><\/a>><\/span>\n            <div<\/span><\/a> class<\/span>=<\/span>"form-group"<\/span>><\/span>\n                <label<\/span><\/a> for<\/span>=<\/span>"comment"<\/span>><\/span>Comentario<\/<\/span>label<\/span><\/a>><\/span>\n                <textarea<\/span><\/a> class<\/span>=<\/span>"form-control"<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>"comment"<\/span> id<\/span>=<\/span>"comment"<\/span> rows<\/span>=<\/span>"3"<\/span>><\/<\/span>textarea<\/span><\/a>><\/span>\n            <\/<\/span>div<\/span><\/a>><\/span>\n            <button<\/span><\/a> type<\/span>=<\/span>"button"<\/span> id<\/span>=<\/span>"submitComment"<\/span> class<\/span>=<\/span>"btn btn-primary"<\/span>><\/span>Enviar<\/<\/span>button<\/span><\/a>><\/span>\n        <\/<\/span>form<\/span><\/a>><\/span>\n    <\/<\/span>div<\/span><\/a>><\/span>\n<\/<\/span>div<\/span><\/a>><\/span><\/pre><\/div><\/div>\n
Tan solo he agregado un campo para poner un nombre y texto.<\/p>\n
<\/i> Ver demo<\/a> <\/i> Descargar<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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